Methodology: how PFlower calculates

Editorial approach

Each guide focuses on a practical planning or decision question. Calculations, tables and visuals are designed to make assumptions understandable and help readers compare project options or quotations.

Cost model

House costs are PFlower model assumptions per sqm, adjusted by house type, roof, finish level and energy target. Foundation, ancillary costs and external works are modelled separately. The figures are neither official averages nor quotations.

Sources

• Destatis – construction prices, May 2026
• GEG – statutory text
• KfW 297/298
• Bundesportal – building permission

Limits of the information

The guides do not replace project-specific architectural, structural, energy, legal, insurance or financial advice. Permissions, programme conditions, interest rates and real prices can change and must be verified for the location and project date.